Motor skill development

Birth to 3 months

A list of some newborn “primitive reflexes” and how long they can last in average.

Reflex   Time not present
Palmer and plantar grasp reflex Pressure on palm or foot leads to firm grasp End 9. month (hand)
End 1. year (foot)
Rooting reflex Touching of the mouth corner leads head moving to that direction End 3. month
Sucking and swallowing reflex Touching of the roof of the mouth leads to sucking. This leads to swallowing An active sucking develops later, swallowing reflex remains for life
Diving reflex Water coming into the mouth or nose (head under water) leads to closing of the airways End 6. month
Swimming reflex Holding baby prone in the water leads to swim movement Very variable
Walking/stepping reflex Holding baby supine and feet touching surface leads to stepping End 3. month
Moro reflex Falling backwards or in response to laud noise opening of the arms and moving them inwards like embracing End 4. month
Barbinsky reflex Stroking side of the feet leads to extension of the great toe End 1. year
Vestibuloocular reflex The eyes are turning with the head End 10. day
old head straight and hold head when supine for a few seconds 6 weeks 3 weeks to 4 months
Pushes itself up with arms when
Prone		 2 months 3 weeks to 4 months
Rolls from side to back 2 months 5 weeks to 5 months
Brings Hands together 2,5 months 2 to 4 months
Grasps a cube 3 months 2 to 7 months

4 to 9 months

  Average Range
Rolls from back to side 4,5 months 2 to 7 months
Sits without help 7 months 5 to 11 months
Crawls 7 months 5 to 11 months
Pulls to stand 8 months 5 to 12 months
Plays pat a cake 9 months 7 to 15 months

10 to 18 months

  Average Range
Stands by itself 11 months 9 to 16 months
Walks alone 11 months 9 to 17 months
Tower of 2 cubs 13 months 10 to 19 months
Scribbles 14 months 10 to 21 months
Goes up stairs 16 months 12 to 23 months

19 to 24 months

  Average Range
Kicks a ball 19 months 16 to 24 months
Jumps on the spot with both legs 23 months 17 to 30 months
Tower of 4 cubs 20 months 17 to 24 months
Throws a ball forward 23 months 17 months to 3 years

2 to 4 years

  Average Range
Broad jump 2 2/3 years 2 ¼ to 3 ¼ years
Balance each foot 1 second 2 ¾ years 2 ¼ to 3,5 years
Balance each foot 2 seconds 3 ¼ years 2 ¾ to 4 years
Hops 3 ¾ years 3 ¼ to 4 ¼ years
Tower of 6 cubs 2 years 2 ¼ to 2 ¾ years
Tower of 8 cubs 2 ¾ years 2 ¼ to 3,5 years
Draws a vertical line 2,5 years 2 ¼ to 3 ¼ years
Copies a circle 3,5 years 3 to 4 years

4 to 6 years

  Average Range
Draws a person with 3 parts 4 years 3 ¼ to 4,5 years
Draws a person with 6 parts 4 ¾ years 4 ¼ to 5,5 years
Copies a cross 4 years 3 ¼ to 4 2/3 years
Copies a square 5 ¼ years 4,5 to 6 years
Balance each foot 4 seconds 4 ¼ years 3,5 to 5 years
Hell to toe walk 4,5 years 4 to 5 ¾ years
Balance each foot 6 seconds 5 years 4 ¼ to 6 years
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